Image processing system, image processing method and program

ABSTRACT

There is provided an image processing system and an image processing method able to suppress block distortion in the case of decoding image data encoded in unit of blocks. A controlling unit selects a filtering content to be applied to the block image data based on the encoding types of the block image data to be filtered, and a filtering unit applies filtering to the block image data to be processed according to the filtering content selected by the controlling unit.

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/081,223 (filed on Nov. 15, 2013), now U.S. Pat. No. 8,923,637, whichis a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/758,602 (filedon Feb. 4, 2013), now U.S. Pat. No. 8,625,914, which is a continuationof Ser. No. 11/996,720 (filed on Mar. 1, 2010), now U.S. Pat. No.8,396,307, which is a National Stage Patent Application of PCTInternational Patent Application No. PCT/JP2006/314639 (filed on Jul.25, 2006) under 35 U.S.C. §371, which claims priority to Japanese PatentApplication No. 2005-214494 (filed on Jul. 25, 2005), which are allhereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an image processing system, an imageprocessing method, and a program, for decoding encoded image data.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, systems (methods) based on the MPEG (Moving PictureExperts Group) and other schemes handling image data as digital andcompressing the data by an orthogonal transform such as a discretecosine transform (DCT) and motion compensation by utilizing redundancyinherent to image information for the purpose of high efficiencytransfer and storage of information at that time are now spreading inboth distribution of information by broadcasting stations etc. andreception of information in general homes.

The encoding scheme called the “H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding)” whichis followed the MPEG 2, 4 schemes is being proposed.

An encoding system of the H.264/AVC applies de-block filtering toreconfigured image data in predictive encoding based on block boundarystrength data Bs obtained from the image data to be encoded and aquantization parameter QP so as to generate reference image data usedfor the next predictive encoding. The de-block filtering is processingfor suppressing block distortion occurring due to performing for exampleDCT processing in units of 4×4 blocks.

Further, the above H.264/AVC encoding system (method) adds the blockboundary strength data Bs and the quantization parameter QP to theencoded data.

The H.264/AVC decoding system applies de-block filtering to thereconfigured image data based on the block boundary strength data Bs andthe quantization parameter QP added to the encoded data.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problem to be Solved by the Invention

Note that even in decoding systems other than the H.264/AVC such as theMPEG 2, 4 for decoding the encoded data generated by performingorthogonal transform processing such as DCT processing in units ofblocks, there are demands to perform the above de-block filtering inorder to suppress block distortion.

However, the encoded data determined to be decoded by such a decodingsystem does not include the above block boundary strength data Bs andquantization parameter QP. The decoding system cannot perform thede-block filtering, the block distortion remains, and the quality of thedecoded image ends up falling.

An object of the present invention is to provide an image processingsystem, an image processing method and a program, able to suppress blockdistortion even in a case of decoding an encoded image data generated inunit of blocks and to which information for defining a filtering contentis not added.

Means for Solving the Program

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is providedan image processing system for decoding an encoded image data having aplurality of block encoded image data which are generated from aplurality of block image data by encoding types defined in therespective block image data, the image processing system including: acontrolling unit configured to select a filtering content to be appliedto the block image data based on the encoding types of the block imagedata to be filtered; and a filtering unit configured to apply filteringto the block image data to be processed according to the filteringcontent selected by the controlling unit.

Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided an image processing system for decoding an encoded image datahaving a plurality of block encoded image data which are generated froma plurality of block image data by encoding types defined in therespective block image data, the image processing system including: acontrolling means for selecting a filtering content to be applied to theblock image data based on the encoding types of the block image data tobe filtered; and a filtering means for applying filtering to the blockimage data to be processed according to the filtering content selectedby the controlling means.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is providedan image processing system for decoding an encoded image data having aplurality of block encoded image data which are generated from aplurality of block image data by encoding types defined in therespective block image data, the image processing system including: areversible decoding circuit configured to reversibly decode the blockimage data of the encoded image data to be decoded, an inversequantization circuit configured to inversely quantize the block imagedata reversibly decoded by the reversible decoding circuit, an inverseorthogonal transform circuit configured to inversely orthogonaltransform the block image data inversely quantized by the inversequantization circuit, an adder circuit of generating reconfigured imagedata based on the block image data generated by the inverse orthogonaltransform circuit and predictive image data, a controlling unitconfigured to select a filtering content to be applied to the blockimage data based on the encoding type of the block image data to beprocessed, and a filtering unit configured to apply filtering to thereconfigured image data generated by the adder circuit according to thefiltering content selected by the controlling unit.

Further, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided an image processing system for decoding an encoded image datahaving a plurality of block encoded image data which are generated froma plurality of block image data by encoding types defined in therespective block image data, the image processing system including: areversible decoding means for reversibly decoding the block image dataof the encoded image data to be decoded, an inverse quantization meansfor inversely quantizing the block image data reversibly decoded by thereversible decoding means, an inverse orthogonal transform means forinversely orthogonal transforming the block image data inverselyquantized by the inverse quantization means, an adder means forgenerating reconfigured image data based on the block image datagenerated by the inverse orthogonal transform means and predictive imagedata, a controlling means for selecting a filtering content to beapplied to the block image data based on the encoding type of the blockimage data to be processed, and a filtering means for applying filteringto the reconfigured image data generated by the adder means according tothe filtering content selected by the controlling means.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is providedan image processing method for decoding an encoded image data having aplurality of block encoded image data which are generated from aplurality of block image data by encoding types defined in therespective block image data, the image processing method including: afirst step of selecting a filtering content to be applied to the blockimage data based on the encoding type of the block image data to befiltered, and a second step of applying filtering to the block imagedata to be processed according to the filtering content selected in thefirst step.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided aprogram to be run by a computer for decoding an encoded image datagenerated from a plurality of block image data by encoding types definedin the respective block image data, the program making the computerexecute: a first routine of selecting a filtering content to be appliedto the block image data based on the encoding type of the block imagedata to be filtered; and a second routine of applying filtering to theblock image data to be processed according to the filtering contentselected in the first routine.

Effect of the Invention

According to the present invention, an image processing system, an imageprocessing method and a program, able to suppress block distortion evenin the case of decoding image data encoded in unit of blocks and towhich information for defining the content of filtering is not added canbe provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a view of the configuration of a communication system of anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a decoding system shown in FIG.1.

FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of an AVC decoding system shown inFIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the processing of a de-block filtershown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the processing of a de-block filtershown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram of a DEB control circuit shown inFIG. 2.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining table data TABLE1 used for acquiringparameters α and β by the DEB control circuit shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining table data TABLE2 used for acquiringdata Tc0 by the DEB control circuit shown in FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart for explaining the processing for generation of aquantization parameter QP performed by the DEB control circuit shown inFIG. 2.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart for explaining the processing for generation ofblock boundary strength data Bs by the DEB control circuit shown in FIG.2.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart continuing from FIG. 10 for explaining theprocessing for generation of block boundary strength data Bs by the DEBcontrol circuit shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart continuing from FIG. 11 for explaining theprocessing for generation of block boundary strength data Bs by the DEBcontrol circuit shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a first modification of the decodingsystem shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining another modification of the decodingsystem shown in FIG. 2.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1 . . . communication system, 2 . . . encoding system, 3 . . . decodingsystem, 10 . . . MPEG2 decoding system, 12 . . . AVC decoding system, 30. . . storage buffer, 31 . . . reversible decoding circuit, 32 . . .inverse quantization circuit, 33 . . . inverse orthogonal transformcircuit, 34 . . . adder circuit, 35 . . . flame memory, 36 . . . motionprediction/compensation circuit, 37 . . . intra-prediction circuit, 38 .. . picture rearrangement buffer, 39 . . . storage buffer, 41 . . . D/Aconversion circuit, 47 . . . de-block filter, 50 . . . storage buffer,51 . . . reversible decoding circuit, 52 . . . inverse quantizationcircuit, 53 . . . inverse orthogonal transform circuit, 54 . . . addercircuit, 55 . . . frame memory, 56 . . . motion prediction/compensationcircuit, 57 . . . intra-prediction circuit, 58 . . . picturerearrangement buffer, 81 . . . α·β acquisition unit, 82 . . . indexcalculation unit, 83 . . . tc0 acquisition unit, 84 . . . filteringunit.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First Embodiment

Below, an image data communication system including an encoding systemand a decoding system of an embodiment of the present invention will beexplained.

First, the relationship between the configuration of the presentembodiment and the configuration of the present invention will beexplained.

A DEB control circuit 39 shown in FIG. 2 is an example of thecontrolling unit or the controlling means of the present invention, anda de-block filter 47 is an example of the filtering unit or thefiltering means of the present invention.

A macro block MB is an example of the block of the present invention,and an image data of macro block MB is an example of the block imagedata of the present invention.

Further, 4×4 (or 8×8) pixel block image data are one example of thesub-block image data of the present invention.

The quantization parameter QP of the present embodiment is an example ofthe quantization parameter of the present invention, and a blockboundary strength data Bs is an example of the block boundary strengthdata of the present invention.

Further, a program PRG shown in FIG. 14 is an example of the program ofthe present invention, and a memory 252 is an example of the recordingmedium. The recording medium may be a semiconductor memory, an opticaldisk, an opto-magnetic disc or a magnetic disc etc.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of an image data communication system 1of the present embodiment.

The image data communication system 1 has an encoding system 2 providedon a transmission side and a decoding system 3 provided on a receptionside of a transmission medium or a transmission path 5.

In the image data communication system 1, the encoding system 2 on thetransmission side generates frame image data (bit stream) compressed byan orthogonal transform such as a discrete cosine transform (DCT) orKarhunen-Loewe transform and motion compensation, modulates the frameimage data, and then transmits the same via a transmission medium 5 suchas an artificial satellite broadcast wave, cable TV network, telephoneline network, and mobile phone line network.

In the reception side, the received image signal is demodulated at thedecoding system 3 and then the frame image data extended by the inversetransform to the orthogonal transform at the time of the modulationdescribed above and motion compensation is generated and utilized.

Note that the above transmission medium 5 may be a recording medium suchas an optical disc, magnetic disc, and a semiconductor memory inaddition to the transmission path.

Below, the decoding system 3 shown in FIG. 1 will be explained.

FIG. 2 is a view of the overall configuration of the decoding system 3shown in FIG. 1.

The decoding system 3 has for example an MPEG2 decoding system 10 andAVC decoding system 12.

<MPEG2 Decoding System>

As shown in FIG. 2, the MPEG2 decoding system 10 has for example astorage buffer 30, reversible decoding circuit 31, inverse quantizationcircuit 32, inverse orthogonal transform circuit 33, adder circuit 34,frame memory 35, motion prediction/compensation circuit 36,intra-prediction circuit 37, picture rearrangement buffer 38, DEBcontrol circuit 39, and D/A conversion circuit 41.

The DEB control circuit 39 processes a generation of the quantizationparameter QP and a generation of the block boundary strength data Bs.

The storage buffer 30 has encoded image data S9 encoded by the MPEGscheme input (received) from the decoding system 3 written into it.

The reversible decoding circuit 31, when judging that the image data ofmacro block MB to be processed in the image data S9 is inter-encoded,decodes a motion vector written in its header and outputs the result tothe motion prediction/compensation circuit 36.

The reversible decoding circuit 31, when judging that the image data inthe macro block MB to be processed in the image data S9 isintra-encoded, decodes the intra-prediction mode information written inits header and outputs the result to the intra-prediction circuit 37.

Further, the reversible decoding circuit 31 decodes the encoded imagedata S9 and outputs the result to the inverse quantization circuit 32.

Further, the reversible decoding circuit 31 outputs a quantization scaleQ_SCALE of each image data in macro block MB included in the encodedimage data S9 and the MB (Macro Block) type to the DEB control circuit39.

The inverse quantization circuit 32 inversely quantizes the image data(orthogonal transform coefficient) decoded at the reversible decodingcircuit 31 based on the quantization scale Q_SCALE input from thereversible decoding circuit 31 and outputs the result to the inverseorthogonal transform circuit 33.

The inverse orthogonal transform circuit 33 applies 8×8 pixel unitinverse orthogonal transform processing to the image data (orthogonaltransform coefficient) input from the inverse quantization circuit 32 togenerate a differential image data and outputs this to the adder circuit34.

The adder circuit 34 adds predictive image data PI from the motionprediction/compensation circuit 36 or the intra-prediction circuit 37and the differential image data from the inverse orthogonal transformcircuit 33 to generate the image data and writes this into the framememory 35 and the picture rearrangement buffer 38.

The motion prediction/compensation circuit 36 generates the predictiveimage data PI based on the reference image data read out from the framememory 35 and the motion vector input from the reversible decodingcircuit 31 and outputs this to the adder circuit 34.

The intra-prediction circuit 37 generates the predictive image data PIbased on the intra-prediction mode input from the reversible decodingcircuit 31 and outputs this to the adder circuit 34.

The picture rearrangement buffer 38 reads out the decoded image datawritten from the adder circuit 34 to the D/A conversion circuit 41 inthe order of display after the filtering by the de-block filter 53 ofthe AVC decoding system 12 shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

The DEB control circuit 39 generates the block boundary strength data Bsand the quantization parameter QP based on the quantization scaleQ_SCALE of each image data in macro block MB input from the reversibledecoding circuit 31 and the MB type and outputs these to the de-blockfilter 53 of the AVC decoding system 12.

The processing of the DEB control circuit 39 will be explained in detaillater.

The D/A conversion circuit 41 applies D/A conversion to the image datainput from the picture rearrangement buffer 38 to generate an imagesignal (data) S10 and outputs this outside of the decoding system 3.

<AVC Decoding System>

As shown in FIG. 3, the AVC decoding system 12 has for example a storagebuffer 50, reversible decoding circuit 51, inverse quantization circuit52, inverse orthogonal transform circuit 53, adder circuit 54, framememory 55, motion prediction/compensation circuit 56, intra-predictioncircuit 57, picture rearrangement buffer 58, D/A conversion circuit 61,and de-block filter 47.

The storage buffer 50 has the image data S13 encoded by the AVC schemeinput (received) from the decoding system 3 written into it.

The reversible decoding circuit 51, when judging that the image data inthe macro block MB to be processed in the image data S13 isinter-encoded, decodes the motion vector written in its header andoutputs the result to the motion prediction/compensation circuit 56.

The reversible decoding circuit 51, when judging that the image data inthe macro block MB to be processed in the image data S13 isintra-encoded, decodes the intra-prediction mode information written inits header and outputs the same to the intra-prediction circuit 57.

Further, the reversible decoding circuit 51 decodes the image data S13and outputs the result to the inverse quantization circuit 52.

Further, the reversible decoding circuit 51 outputs the quantizationparameter QP of each image data in the macro block MB included in theimage data S13 and the block boundary strength data Bs to the de-blockfilter 47.

The inverse quantization circuit 52 inversely quantizes the image data(orthogonal transform coefficient) decoded at the reversible decodingcircuit 51 based on the quantization parameter QP input from thereversible decoding circuit 31 and outputs the result to the inverseorthogonal transform circuit 53.

The inverse orthogonal transform circuit 53 applies the 4×4 pixel unitinverse orthogonal transform processing to the image data (orthogonaltransform coefficient) input from the inverse quantization circuit 52 togenerate the differential image data and outputs that to the addercircuit 54.

The adder circuit 54 adds the predictive image data PI from the motionprediction/compensation circuit 56 or the intra-prediction circuit 57and the differential image data from the inverse orthogonal transformcircuit 53 to generate the image data and outputs this to the de-blockfilter 47.

The de-block filter 47 applies de-block filtering to the image datainput from the adder circuit 54 based on the quantization parameter QPand the block boundary strength data Bs input from the inversequantization circuit 52 and writes the processed image data into theframe memory 55 and the picture rearrangement buffer 38.

The motion prediction/compensation circuit 56 generates the predictiveimage data PI based on the reference image data read out from the framememory 55 and the motion vector input from the reversible decodingcircuit 51 and outputs this to the adder circuit 54.

The intra-prediction circuit 57 generates the predictive image data PIbased on the intra-prediction mode input from the reversible decodingcircuit 51 and outputs this to the adder circuit 54.

The picture rearrangement buffer 58 reads out the decoded image datawritten from the de-block filter 47 to the D/A conversion circuit 61 inthe order of display.

The D/A conversion circuit 61 applies D/A conversion processing to theimage data input from the picture rearrangement buffer 58 to generatethe image signal S14 and outputs this outside of the decoding system 3.

<De-Block Filter>

The de-block filter 47 applies filtering so as to reduce the blockdistortion included in the input image data.

Specifically, the de-block filter 47 performs filtering in a horizontaldirection and a vertical direction in units of 4×4 block data in 16×16macro blocks MB as shown in FIG. 4 based on the input quantizationparameter QP and block boundary strength data Bs.

The block boundary strength data Bs is defined as shown in FIG. 5 by forexample H.264/AVC.

The block boundary strength data Bs is assigned the highest filterstrength “4”, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, in a case where eitherthe pixel data p or q belongs to intra-encoded image data in macroblocks MB and the pixel data is located at the boundary of the macroblocks MB.

Further, the block boundary strength data Bs is assigned the nexthighest filter strength to “4”, that is, “3”, for example, as shown inFIG. 5, in a case where either the pixel data p or q belongs tointra-encoded image data in macro blocks MB and the pixel data is notlocated at the boundary of the macro blocks MB.

Further, the block boundary strength data Bs is assigned the nexthighest filter strength to “3”, that is, “2”, for example, as shown inFIG. 5, in a case where neither the pixel data p nor q belongs tointra-encoded image data in macro blocks MB and either pixel data has atransform coefficient.

Further, the block boundary strength data Bs is assigned “1”, forexample, as shown in FIG. 5, in a case where the condition that neitherthe pixel data p nor q belongs to intra-encoded image data in macroblocks MB and neither pixel data has a transform coefficient issatisfied and any of the conditions that the reference frames aredifferent, the numbers of reference frames are different, and the motionvectors are different is satisfied.

Further, the block boundary strength data Bs is assigned “0” meaningthat the filtering is not carried out, for example, as shown in FIG. 5,in a case where neither the pixel data p nor q belongs to intra-encodedimage data in macro blocks MB, none of the pixel data has a transformcoefficient, and the reference frames and the motion vectors are thesame.

FIG. 6 is a view of the configuration of the de-block filter 47.

As shown in FIG. 6, the de-block filter 47 has for example an α·βacquisition unit 81, index calculation unit 82, tc0 acquisition unit 83,and filtering unit 84.

The α·β acquisition unit 81 acquires the data (parameters) α and β withreference to table data TABLE1 shown in FIG. 7 using the inputquantization parameter QP as a key.

Here, the parameters α and β are determined in value in accordance withthe quantization parameter QP of each macro block as shown in FIG. 7 bydefault.

Note that the values of the parameters α and β can be adjusted by theuser according to two parameters such as slice_alpha_c0_Offset_div2 andslice_beta_Offset_div2 included in the Slice header data in the imagedata (bit stream) to be decoded.

The index calculation unit 82 receives as input the quantizationparameter QP of the adjacent macro blocks MB(P) and MB(Q) and calculatesdata indexes A and B according to the following Equation (1).

Note that, in the following Equation (1), FilterOffsetA andFilterOffsetB correspond to amounts of adjustment by the user.

In FIG. 6, qPp indicates the quantization parameter QP of the macroblock MB(P), and qPq indicates the quantization parameter QP of theimage data in macro block MB(Q).[Equation 1]qPav=(qPp+qPq+1)>>1indexA=Clip3(0,51,qPav+FilterOffsetA)indexB=Clip3(0,51,qPav+FilterOffsetB)  (1)

The tc0 acquisition unit 83 acquires the data tc0 based on the tabledata TABLE2 shown in FIG. 8 using the block boundary strength data Bsand the data indexA input from the index calculation unit 82 as the keyand outputs this to the filtering unit 84.

The filtering unit 84 performs different filtering between a case of“Bs<4” and a case of “Bs=4” as shown below.

First, the case of “Bs<4” will be explained.

The filtering unit 84 performs the processing shown in the followingEquation (2) to calculate the filtered pixel data p0′ and q0′.

In the following Equation (2), Clip3 indicates the clipping.[Equation 2]p0′=Clip1(p0+Δ)q0′=Clip1(q0+Δ)Δ=Clip3(−tc,tc((((q0−p0)<<2)+(p1−q1)+4)>>3))  (2)

The filtering unit 84 calculates the “tc” of the above Equation (2)based on the following Equation (3) when a flag chromaEdgeFlag indicates“0”, while calculates the same based on the following Equation (4) in acase other than the above.

In the following Equation (3), “( )?1:0” indicates “1” when satisfyingthe condition in ( ) and indicates “0” in a case other than the above.[Equation 3]tc=tc0+((ap<β)?1:0)+(aq<β)?1:0)  (3)[Equation 4]tc=tc0+1  (4)

Further, the filtering unit 84 calculates the ap and aq of the aboveEquation (3) according to the following Equation (5).[Equation 5]ap=|p2−p0|aq=|q2−q0|  (5)

The filtering unit 84 performs the processing shown in the followingEquation (6) to calculate the filtered pixel data p1′ whenchromaEdgeFlag is 0 and ap is β or less and acquires the same from thefollowing Equation (7) in a case other than the above.[Equation 6]p1′=p1+Clip3(−tc0,tc0,(p2+((p0+q0+1)>>1)−(p1<<1))>>1)  (6)[Equation 7]p1′=p1  (7)

The filtering unit 84 performs the processing shown in the followingEquation (8) to calculate the filtered pixel data q1′ whenchromaEdgeFlag is 0 and aq is β or less and acquires the same from thefollowing Equation (9) in a case other than the above.[Equation 8]q1′=q1+Clip3(−tc0,tc0,(q2+((p0+q0+1)>>1)−(q1<<1))>>1)  (8)[Equation 9]q1′=q1  (9)

Next, the case where “Bs=4” will be explained.

The filtering unit 84 calculates the pixel data p0′, p1′, and p2′according to the following Equation (11) in the case where the flagchromaEdgeFlag indicates “0” and the condition of the following Equation(10) is satisfied.[Equation 10]ap<β&&|p0−q0|<((α>>2)+2)  (10)[Equation 11]p0′=(p2+2·p1+2·p0+2·q0+q1+4)>>3p1′=(p2+p1+p0+q0+2)>>2p2′=(2·p3+3·p2+p1+p0+q0+4)>>3  (11)

The filtering unit 84 calculates the pixel data p0′, p1′, and p2′according to the following Equation (12) in the case where the flagchromaEdgeFlag indicates “0” and the condition of the following Equation(10) is not satisfied.[Equation 12]p0′=(2·p1+p0+q1+2)>>2p1′=p1p2′=p2  (12)

The filtering unit 84 calculates the pixel data q0′, q1′, and q2′ inaccordance with the following equation (14) in the case where the flagchromaEdgeFlag indicates “0” and the condition of the following Equation(13) is satisfied.[Equation 13]aq<β&&|p0−q0|<((α>>2)+2)  (13)[Equation 14]q0′=(p1+2·p0+2·q0+2·q1+q2+4)>>3q1′=(p0+q0+q1+q2+2)>>2q2′=(2·q3+3·q2+q1+q0+p4+4)>>3  (14)

The filtering unit 84 calculates the pixel data q0′, q1′, and q2′ inaccordance with the following equation (15) in the case where the flagchromaEdgeFlag indicates “0” and the condition of the following Equation(10) is not satisfied.[Equation 15]q0′=(2·q1+q0+p1+2)>>2q1′=q1q2′=q2  (15)

[DEB Control Circuit]

Below, the processing of the DEB control circuit 39 shown in FIG. 2 willbe explained in detail.

The DEB control circuit 39 performs processing for generation of thequantization parameter QP and processing for generation of the blockboundary strength data Bs as shown below.

First, the processing for generation of the quantization parameter QP bythe DEB control circuit 39 will be explained.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart for explaining the processing for generation ofthe quantization parameter QP performed by the DEB control circuit 39shown in FIG. 2.

Step ST11:

As previously explained, the DEB control circuit 39 receives as inputthe quantization scale Q_SCALE of each image data in macro block MBincluded in the MPEG2 scheme image data S9 from the reversible decodingcircuit 39.

Step ST12:

The DEB control circuit 39 specifies the quantization parameter QPcorresponding to the quantization scale Q_scale input at step ST11.

The following Equation (16) stands between the H.264/AVC quantizationparameter QP (range: 0 to 31) and the MPEG2 quantization scale Q_SCALE.[Equation 16]Q_SCALE=2²⁰/(676×A(QP))  (16)

A(QP) in the above Equation (16) is defined as in the following Equation(17) for each of QP=0 to 31.[Equation 17]A(QP=0,31)=[620, 553, 492, 439, 391, 348, 310, 276, 246, 219, 195, 174,155, 138, 123, 110, 98, 87, 78, 69, 62, 55, 49, 44, 39, 35, 31, 27, 24,22, 19, 17]  (17)

From the above Equations (16) and (17), the relationships of thefollowing Equation (18) stand.[Equation 18]Q_SCALE(QP=0, . . . ,31)=[2.5019, 2.8050, 3.1527, 3.5334, 3.9671,4.4573, 5.0037, 5.6201, 6.3055, 7.0829, 7.9546, 8.9146, 10.0074,11.2402, 12.6110, 14.1013, 15.8280, 17.8293, 19.8865, 22.4804, 25.0185,28.2027, 31.6561, 35.2534, 39.7730, 44.3185, 50.0370, 57.4499, 64.6312,70.5067, 81.6394, 91.2440]  (18)

The DEB control circuit 39 uses the table data defining therelationships shown in the above Equation (18) using the inputquantization scale Q_SCALE as a key and acquires the quantizationparameter QP corresponding to that.

Next, the range of the quantization parameter QP explained above is 0 to31, and the range of the quantization parameter QP defined by H.264/AVCis 0 to 51, therefore a new quantization parameter QP is calculatedaccording to the following Equation (19). This is output to the de-blockfilter 47.[Equation 19]QP=QP+12  (19)

Next, the processing for generation of the block boundary strength dataBs by the DEB control circuit 39 will be explained.

FIG. 10 to FIG. 12 are flow charts for explaining the processing forgeneration of the block boundary strength data Bs by the DEB controlcircuit 39.

Step ST21:

The DEB control circuit 39 receives as input the MB type (MB typedesignation data) of the image data in macro block MB to be processed ofthe MPEG scheme image data S9 from the reversible decoding circuit 31.

Step ST22:

The DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST23 when judging that theMB type input at step ST21 is “Intra” or “Intra+Q”, while proceeds tostep ST24 when not judging so.

Here, “Intra” indicates that the image data in macro block MB isintra-encoded.

Further, “Intra+Q” indicates that the image data in macro block MB isintra-encoded, and there is a quantization updating step.

“Intra” and “Intra+Q” of MPEG2 correspond to “Intra” of the H.264/AVC.

Step ST23:

The DEB control circuit 39 sets “4” for the block boundary strength dataBs “0” and sets “3” for the block boundary strength data Bs “2”.

Thereafter, the DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST35 shown inFIG. 12.

Step ST24:

The DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST25 when judging that theMB type input at step ST21 is “MC+Coded”, “MC+Coded+Q”, “NotMC+Coded”,or “NotMC+Coded+Q”, while proceeds to step ST26 when not judging so.

Here, “MC+Coded” means that the inter-prediction coding (motionprediction/compensation) is required, that is, inter-prediction codingwas carried out. “MC+Coded+Q” means that the inter-prediction coding wascarried out and conversion of the quantization value was carried out.

“NotMC+Coded” means that motion compensation was not carried out, butonly decoding of the DCT coefficient was carried out. “NotMC+Coded”means that motion compensation was not carried out, but conversion ofthe quantization value was carried out.

“MC+Coded” and “MC+Coded+Q” of MPEG2 correspond to “Inter16×16” ofH.264/AVC.

“NotMC+Coded” and “NotMC+Coded+Q” correspond to “Direct16×16” ofH.264/AVC.

Step ST25:

The DEB control circuit 39 sets “2” for the block boundary strength dataBs “0” and Bs “2”.

Thereafter, the DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST35 shown inFIG. 12.

Step ST26:

The DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST27 when judging that theMB type input at step ST21 is “MC+Not Coded”, while proceeds to stepST30 when not judging so.

Here, “MC+Not Coded” means that motion compensation is carried out, butthe decoding of the DCT coefficient is not carried out.

“MC+Not Coded” of MPEG2 corresponds to “Inter16×16” of H.264/AVC.

Step ST27:

The DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST28 when judging that theimage data in the macro block MB adjacent to the image data in the macroblock MB to be processed has a valid orthogonal transform coefficient(DCT coefficient), while proceeds to step ST29 when not judging so.

Step ST28:

The DEB control circuit 39 sets “2” for the block boundary strength dataBs “0”.

At this time, the DEB control circuit 39 sets “0” for the block boundarystrength data Bs “2”.

Thereafter, the DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST35 shown inFIG. 12.

Step ST29:

The DEB control circuit 39 sets “0” for the block boundary strength dataBs “0” and Bs “2”.

Thereafter, the DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST35 shown inFIG. 12.

Step ST30:

When step ST30 is reached, the MB type is “Skip”.

Here, “Skip” means that the motion vector is not encoded.

In MPEG2, the processing is different according to a P picture or a Bpicture.

“Skip” of MPEG2 in a P picture corresponds to “Temporal Direct16×16” ofH.264/AVC.

“Skip” of MPEG2 in a B picture corresponds to “Spatial Direct16×16” ofH.264/AVC.

The DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST31 when judging that thepresent picture type is a P picture, while proceeds to step ST32 whennot judging so.

Step ST31:

The DEB control circuit 39 sets “0” for the block boundary strength dataBs “0” and Bs “2”.

Thereafter, the DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST35 shown inFIG. 12.

Step ST32:

The DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST33 when judging that theimage data in the macro block MB adjacent to the image data in the macroblock MB to be processed has a valid orthogonal transform coefficient(DCT coefficient), while proceeds to step ST34 when not judging so.

Step ST33:

The DEB control circuit 39 sets “2” for the block boundary strength dataBs “0”.

At this time, the DEB control circuit 39 sets “0” for the block boundarystrength data Bs “2”.

Thereafter, the DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST35 shown inFIG. 12.

Step ST34:

The DEB control circuit 39 sets “0” for the block boundary strength dataBs “0” and Bs “2”.

Thereafter, the DEB control circuit 39 proceeds to step ST35 shown inFIG. 12.

Step ST35:

The DEB control circuit 39 sets “0” for the block boundary strength dataBs “1” and “3”.

Below, an example of the operation of the decoding system 3 shown inFIG. 2 will be explained.

Here, a case where MPEG2 scheme encoded image data S9 is decoded will beexplained.

The encoded image data S9 is stored in the storage buffer 30, and thenoutput to the reversible decoding circuit 31.

Next, when judging that the image data in the macro block MB to beprocessed in the image data S9 is inter-encoded, the reversible decodingcircuit 31 decodes the motion vector written in its header and outputsthe result to the motion prediction/compensation circuit 36.

Further, when judging that the image data in the macro block MB to beprocessed in the image data S9 is intra-encoded, the reversible decodingcircuit 31 decodes the intra-prediction mode information written in itsheader and outputs the result to the intra-prediction circuit 37.

Further, the reversible decoding circuit 31 decodes the image data S9and outputs the result to the inverse quantization circuit 32.

Further, the reversible decoding circuit 31 outputs the quantizationscale Q_SCALE of each image data in macro block MB included in the imagedata S9 and the MB type to the DEB control circuit 39.

Next, the inverse quantization circuit 32 inversely quantizes the imagedata (orthogonal transform coefficient) decoded at the reversibledecoding circuit 31 based on the quantization scale Q_SCALE input fromthe reversible decoding circuit 31 and outputs the result to the inverseorthogonal transform circuit 33.

Next, the inverse orthogonal transform circuit 33 applies the 8×8-pixelunit inverse orthogonal transform processing to the image data(orthogonal transform coefficient) input from the inverse quantizationcircuit 33 to generate the differential image data and outputs that tothe adder circuit 34.

Next, the adder circuit 34 adds the predictive image data PI from themotion prediction/compensation circuit 36 or the intra-predictioncircuit 37 and the differential image data from the inverse orthogonaltransform circuit 33 to generate the image data and writes this into theframe memory 35 and the picture rearrangement buffer 38.

In parallel to the above processing, the DEB control circuit 39 performsthe processing shown in FIG. 9 and outputs the quantization parameter QPto the de-block filter 47.

Further, the DEB control circuit 39 performs the processing shown inFIG. 10 to FIG. 12 and outputs the block boundary strength data Bs tothe de-block filter 47.

Then, the de-block filter 47 applies the de-block filtering to the imagedata stored in the picture rearrangement buffer 38 based on thequantization parameter QP and the block boundary strength data Bs inputfrom the DEB control circuit 39.

Thereafter, the image data is read out to the reversible decodingcircuit 31 in the sequence of display and converted to the image signalS10.

On the other hand, when the H.264/AVC scheme encoded image data S13 isdecoded, the AVC decoding system 12 decodes the image data S13 in thesame way as the general AVC decoding system and outputs the image signalS14.

As explained above, according to the decoding system 3, the de-blockfiltering by the de-block filter 47 can be applied to the MPEG2 schemeencoded image data S9, so the decoded high quality image signal S10having the block distortion suppressed can be generated.

Further, according to the decoding system 3, the de-block filter 47 ofthe AVC decoding system 12 is utilized in the MPEG2 decoding system 10,therefore an increase in size of the system can be avoided.

Second Embodiment

In the present embodiment, the MPEG2 decoding system 10 performs thefollowing processing when the input image data S9 is an interlacesignal.

In the MPEG2, for an interlace signal, field prediction and dual primeprediction are used in addition to the frame prediction, while for aresidual signal, a frame DCT and a field DCT are used. Due to this,block distortion different from the frame signal may appear.

When the DCT processing is carried out with the field signal in theencoding system and the image data in the macro block MB to be processedof the image data S9 has a frame structure, as shown in FIG. 13, theMPEG2 decoding system 10 transforms the image data S9 to the fieldstructure, then performs the de-block filtering. Here, the image data inthe macro block MB to be processed is converted to a field structure andbecomes a block consisting of 16×8 pixels.

Then, the DEB control circuit 39 of the MPEG2 decoding system 10 setsthe same value as the block boundary strength data Bs “0” and “2”explained in the first embodiment for the block boundary strength dataBs “1” and “3”.

Due to this, the de-block filtering can be applied using a blockactually subjected to the DCT processing as a reference.

Third Embodiment

In the present embodiment, the method of setting the block boundarystrength data Bs according to the difference of DCT type will beexplained.

In the MPEG2, the frame DCT and field DCT can be selected for each macroblock MB.

Here, where two image date in macro blocks MB adjacent in the horizontaldirection are different DCT types, the possibility of occurrence ofblock distortion is high. In general, an encoding system of the MPEG2selects a frame DCT for parts with a high time correlation and selects afield DCT for parts where motion occurs between fields. This is becauseit is predicted that image date in adjacent macro blocks MB will differin the properties of the image.

For this reason, in the present modification, the DEB control circuit 39sets for example “3” for the block boundary strength data Bs “0” in thehorizontal direction when the DCT type is different between the imagedate in the macro block MB to be de-block filtered and the image date inthe macro block MB adjacent to that in the horizontal direction. Namely,the DEB control circuit 39 performs control so as to apply a strongde-block filtering to the boundary portion in the case where the DCTtype is different between the image date in the macro block MB to bede-block filtered and the image date in the macro block MB adjacent tothat in the horizontal direction in comparison with the case where theDCT types are the same.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

Namely, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that variousmodifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occurdepending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they arewithin the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

For example, all or part of the functions of the decoding system 3explained above can be executed by a processing circuit 253 such as aCPU (Central Processing Unit) according to the programming of theprogram PRG stored in a memory 252 as shown in FIG. 13.

In this case, an interface 251 is used for the input of the image datato be decoded and the output of the processing result thereof.

ill be Further, in the above example, the case using MPEG-2 as the inputwas explained, but the present invention is not limited to this inscope. The present invention can also be applied to a general imageencoding scheme represented by JPEG, MPEG, and H.26x utilizing anorthogonal transform such as a discrete cosine transform.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An image processing apparatus comprising:processing circuitry configured to: perform filtering processing on animage having a plurality of blocks, based on whether or not an edge ofthe block on which the filtering processing is performed is a transformblock edge; and generate a bit stream using the image on which thefiltering processing is performed.
 2. The image processing apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein a filtering strength of the filtering processing isstronger when an encoding type of a first block of the image is notdifferent from an encoding type of a second block of the image adjacentto the first block of the image.
 3. The image processing apparatus ofclaim 2, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured toprovide an encoded image for transmission via a transmission medium. 4.An image processing method of encoding an image having a plurality ofblocks, wherein the image processing method is performed via control bya processor of an image processing apparatus, and the method comprises:performing filtering processing on the image having the plurality ofblocks, based on whether or not an edge of the block on which thefiltering processing is performed is a transform block edge; andgenerating a bit stream using the image on which the filteringprocessing is performed.
 5. The image processing method of claim 4,wherein a filtering strength of the filtering processing is strongerwhen an encoding type of a first block of the image is not differentfrom an encoding type of a second block of the image adjacent to thefirst block of the image.
 6. The image processing method of claim 5,further comprising: providing, via control by the processor, an encodedimage for transmission via a transmission medium.
 7. A non-transitorycomputer-readable medium having embodied thereon a program, which whenexecuted by a computer causes the computer to execute an imageprocessing method of encoding an image having a plurality of blocks, themethod comprising: performing filtering processing on the image havingthe plurality of blocks, based on whether or not an edge of the block onwhich the filtering processing is performed is a transform block edge;and generating a bit stream using the image on which the filteringprocessing is performed.
 8. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 7, wherein a filtering strength of the filtering processing isstronger when an encoding type of a first block of the image is notdifferent from an encoding type of a second block of the image adjacentto the first block of the image.
 9. The non-transitory computer-readablemedium of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises: providing anencoded image for transmission via a transmission medium.